<從我舊部落格轉過來的文章 2013.04.28>
中世紀的弓大致有longbow和crossbow，也就是一般弓和十字弓。longbow用的箭是arrow，crossbow用的箭叫quarrel或bolt。弦是bowstring。箭頭是point，箭身是shaft，箭羽是fletching，箭尾有一個小凹槽讓弦扣上的地方叫nock。nock做為動詞也是放箭上弓的意思，與notch同。裝箭的箭袋叫quiver。發射一支箭叫loose an arrow。
crossbow
長劍是sword應該大家都知道。劍的把柄部位叫做hilt，包含了防止手被對方戳到用的guard、握把grip，以及最尾端的一個球狀物pommel。劍刃是blade。書中有提過一種叫bastard sword，雜種劍，是介於單手劍和雙手劍之間尺寸的劍。收劍的鞘是scabbard。收劍的動詞是sheathe，拔劍是unsheathe。dirk是短劍，匕首是dagger，falchion是彎刃大刀。Battle axe是戰斧，poleaxe是有長柄的戰斧。scythe書中比較少出現，是像死神拿的那種長柄鐮刀。
長矛 (長槍) 是spear。專門設計給騎士用的長矛是lance。長槍比賽jousting用的就是lance。比武大會tournament or tourney除了jousting以外，還有大混戰melee (mêlée) 。jousting比賽的場地叫list。
jousting with lances
mace是尾端是球狀的棍棒。Morning star是帶刺的釘頭錘，頭部通常是帶刺的球形。類似的武器還有本書沒出現的流星錘Flail。
morning stars
Siege weapons是攻城用的武器。ram是用來撞破城門的大圓柱，catapult是小型投石機，trebuchet是大型投石機，投石的部位像彈弓一樣的。mangonel也是大型投石機，投石的部位是碗狀的。Siege tower是用來讓士兵爬城牆的塔。書中還有一種叫
scorpion的武器，雖然不是攻城用的，但是是利用投石機原理發射箭的武器，中文稱弩砲。
battering ram
catapult
trebuchet
siege tower
還有一個特別的防禦性武器，叫做caltrops，是撒在地上的四角鐵釘，中文叫鐵蒺藜或蒺藜釘，是防禦騎兵用的。
caltrops
單字表:
Longbow 長弓
Crossbow 十字弓
Arrow 箭
Quarrel/bolt 十字弓用箭
Bowstring 弦
Shaft 箭身
Fletching 箭羽
Nock 箭尾端搭弦處, v. 將(箭)搭上弦
Notch v. 將(箭)搭上弦
Quiver 箭袋
Sword 劍
Hilt 劍柄
Pommel 劍柄的圓球
Scabbard 鞘
Sheathe v. 收劍入鞘
Unsheathe v. 拔劍出鞘
Blade 劍刃
Dirk 短劍
Dagger 匕首
Falchion 彎刃大刀
Battle axe 戰斧
Poleaxe 長柄大斧
Scythe 長柄鐮刀
Spear 長矛 長槍
Lance 騎兵用長矛
Tournament/tourney 比武大賽
Jousting 長槍比賽
List 長槍比賽場地
Melee/mêlée 混戰
Mace 尾端有圓球或鈍器的棍棒
Morning star 晨星錘
Flail 流星錘
Siege 圍城 攻城
Ram 攻城槌、撞木
Catapult 小型投石機
Trebuchet 大型投石機
Mangonel 大型投石機
Siege tower 攻城塔
Scorpion 弩砲
Caltrop 鐵蒺藜
Quarrels and
arrows sped back and forth. Watty fell with a grunt, his bow slipping from his hand. Kyle was trying to
nock another
shaft to his string when a man in black mail flung a spear through his belly. (A Storm of Swords)
“We’ve planted iron spikes under the water, y’see, and there’s
caltrops scattered among them rocks there. It’s the same on all the fords, by your brother’s command.”(A Clash of Kings)
Joffrey jerked the trigger on the
crossbow. The
bolt missed by two feet. (A Clash of Kings)
Jon hung a
quiver from his belt and pulled an
arrow. The
shaft was black, the
fletching grey. As he
notched it to his string, he remembered something that Theon Greyjoy had once said after a hunt. (A Storm of Swords)
The
hilt had been fashioned new for him, adorned with a wolf’s-head
pommel in pale stone, but the
blade itself was Valyrian steel, old and light and deadly sharp. (A Clash of Kings)
Many of the travelers were armed; Arya saw
daggers and
dirks,
scythes and
axes, and here and there a sword. (A Clash of Kings)
A lion-headed
mace, a
poleaxe, and a
crossbow had been hung on the walls. The
poleaxe would be clumsy to wield inside a castle, and the
mace was too high to reach, but a large wood-and-iron chest had been placed against the wall directly under the
crossbow. (A Storm of Swords)
I know of every hedge knight, freerider, and upjumped squire of any skill who has ever presumed to break a
lance in the
lists. (A Storm of Swords)
The
tourney Lord Whent staged at Harrenhal beside the Gods Eye, in the year of the false spring. A notable event. Besides the
jousting, there was a
mêlée in the old style fought between seven teams of knights, as well as archery and axe-throwing, a horse race, a tournament of singers, a mummer show, and many feasts and frolics. (A Storm of Swords)
He had emptied the armory to put good steel in their hands; big double-bladed axes, razor-sharp
daggers,
longswords,
maces, spiked
morningstars. (A Storm of Swords)
Great
siege engines lined the grassy verge of the roseroad,
mangonels and
trebuchets and rolling
rams mounted on wheels taller than a man on horseback. (A Clash of Kings)
The stonemasons are strengthening the walls, carpenters are building
scorpions and
catapults by the hundred, fletchers are making
arrows, the smiths are forging
blades, and the Alchemists’ Guild has pledged ten thousand jars of wildfire. (A Clash of Kings)
參考資料 :
http://en.wikipedia.org
武器事典 作者/市川定春 譯者/林哲逸、高胤喨 (
http://www.books.com.tw/exep/prod/booksfile.php?item=0010281858)
